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An **SSL certificate** is a digital signature that authenticates the identity of a website and encrypts information sent to the server. This **data encryption** protects user data like credit card numbers and login credentials from being intercepted by unauthorized parties. When a website has an **active SSL certificate**, users will see HTTPS in the URL and a padlock icon, signifying a secure connection. This ensures **website security** and builds user trust, making it a crucial component for any site handling sensitive information.